Quantitative Methods for Food Safety and Quality in the Vegetable Industry by Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez Panagiotis Skandamis & Vasilis Valdramidis

Author:Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, Panagiotis Skandamis & Vasilis Valdramidis
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

4.2.2 Carrots

Quilitzsch et al. (2005) used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the method of partial least squares (PLS) to determine the main quality parameters of fresh carrots. The study showed that it can provide a fast and nondestructive method to predict the contents of α-carotene, β-carotene, and dry matter content in fresh carrots.

4.2.3 Pickling Cucumbers

Kavdir et al. (2007) developed a nondestructive method for measuring the firmness, skin and flesh color, and dry matter content of pickling cucumbers by means of visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. Partial least squares method was used as calibration models for predicting firmness, skin and flesh chroma and hue, and dry matter content. The coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.67–0.70 for firmness was obtained. Vis/NIR measurements had good correlations with skin chroma (R 2 = 0.89 and 0.83 for calibration and validation, respectively) and hue (R 2 = 0.76 for calibration and validation). Promising results were obtained in predicting dry matter content of the cucumbers with R 2 = 0.65 in validation. Result showed that visible and NIR spectroscopy is potentially useful for sorting and grading pickling cucumbers.

Mechanical injury often causes hidden internal damage to pickling cucumbers, which lowers the quality of pickled products and can incur economic losses to the processor. Ariana et al. (2006) used a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system to capture hyperspectral images from pickling cucumbers in the spectral region of 900–1700 nm. Principal component analysis (PCA), band ratio, and band difference were applied in the image processing to segregate bruised cucumbers from normal cucumbers. Best detection accuracies from the PCA were achieved when a bandwidth of 8.8 nm and the spectral region of 950–1350 nm were selected. The detection accuracies from the PCA decreased from 95 to 75% over the period of 6 days after bruising. The best band ratio of 988 and 1085 nm had detection accuracies between 93 and 82%, whereas the best band difference of 1346 and 1425 nm had accuracies between 89 and 84%. The general classification performance analysis suggested that the band ratio and difference methods had similar performance, but they were better than the PCA.

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